Multiple Myeloma

Orlando, FL—The investigational dual-targeted CD38 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy achieved an objective response in more than 90% of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received ≥3 previous therapies and whose disease had spread outside of the bone marrow. Furthermore, the therapy cleared extramedullary lesions in almost all patients with these lesions, according to results presented at ASH 2019.

The past week in oncology-related news includes shortages of crucial pediatric cancer drug, results of a study of racial disparities in multiple myeloma, and new drug on the horizon for HER2 metastatic breast cancer.

On September 26, 2019, the FDA approved daratumumab (Darzalex; Janssen) in combination with bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma who are eligible for autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT). The FDA granted this application priority review.

On June 27, 2019, the FDA approved daratumumab (Darzalex; Janssen) in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid; Celgene) and dexamethasone for the first-line treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). This approval was granted a priority review and used the Oncology Center of Excellence Real-Time Oncology Review program. This is the sixth indication for daratumumab in multiple myeloma and the second indication for newly diagnosed patients.

On July 3, 2019, the FDA granted accelerated approval to selinexor (Xpovio; Karyopharm Therapeutics), a nuclear export inhibitor, in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received ≥4 previous therapies and did not respond to other forms of treatment, including ≥2 proteasome inhibitors, ≥2 immunomodulatory agents, and an anti-­CD38 monoclonal antibody. The FDA reviewed selinexor using its fast track program, and granted it an orphan drug designation.

Until recently, patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), the multiagent regimen with lenalidomide (Revlimid) and dexamethasone was the standard of care. Results of the prespecified interim analysis of the MAIA trial demonstrated the benefit of adding daratumumab (Darzalex) to this combination therapy (Facon T, et al. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:2104-2115).

A dizzying array of new chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies targeting the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) designed specifically for the treatment of multiple myeloma was presented at the 2018 American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapies are designed to improve T-cell persistence, depth of response, and tolerability. Response rates reported at ASH 2018 range from 70% to 100%, depending on the patient population and the use of previous regimens.

San Diego, CA—In a first-in-human study of a novel bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), AMG 420, when administered at a daily dose of 400 mcg, this novel drug induced responses in 7 of 10 patients with heavily pretreated multiple myeloma in a phase 1 clinical trial, according to results presented at ASH 2018.

San Diego, CA—Selinexor has shown promising activity in very heavily pretreated patients with penta-refractory multiple myeloma. In the pivotal STORM Part 2 study, oral selinexor in combination with low-dose dexamethasone induced responses in 26.2% of patients.